Historical record

Counterterror expansion and networked conflict

2004 World Events

2004 is represented by eight curated specific-event records from the submitted dataset. 7 carry priority 4 or 5; the most common focus areas are Governance/Diplomacy/Political (3), Terrorism (2), Military (2). This is a structured research index, not an exhaustive history or legal finding.

Selection and evidence boundary

Eight selected records, not an exhaustive yearbook

What is established here: the source workbook selected eight specific records for consistent cross-year comparison.

What inclusion does not mean: moral approval, a complete account of the year, or final resolution of disputed attribution, figures, intent, legality, or long-term effects.

Selected factual records

Eight records for cross-year research

Open the source boundary inside each record before reusing dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, coordinates, or long-term-effect claims.

Record 01 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Coordinated bombs on commuter trains killed 193 people three days before Spain's election.

Why this record is included It showed how terrorism could shape democratic politics and European security cooperation.
Type
Terrorist attack
Research focus
Terrorism
Impact scope
Global
Location
Madrid, Spain
Actors named by the source record
Al-Qaeda-inspired cell; commuters; Spanish authorities
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
40.4168, -3.7038
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 02 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Photographs revealed abuse of Iraqi detainees by U.S. personnel at Abu Ghraib prison.

Why this record is included It damaged U.S. credibility, fueled insurgent propaganda, and changed detention oversight debates.
Type
Military scandal / human rights
Research focus
Military / governance
Impact scope
Global
Location
Abu Ghraib / Baghdad, Iraq
Actors named by the source record
U.S. military personnel; detainees; investigators
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
33.2919, 44.0656
Coordinate precision
Site-level approximate coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 03 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Beslan school siege

Open record page

Militants seized a school in North Ossetia; the siege ended in mass deaths including many children.

Why this record is included It hardened Russian counterterrorism centralization and became a symbol of hostage-crisis failure.
Type
Terrorist attack
Research focus
Terrorism
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Beslan, Russia
Actors named by the source record
Chechen and Ingush militants; Russian security forces; children and civilians
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
43.1889, 44.5400
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 04 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Coalition and Iraqi forces assaulted insurgent-held Fallujah in one of the Iraq War's fiercest urban battles.

Why this record is included It shaped urban warfare doctrine and intensified the Iraqi insurgency narrative.
Type
Urban battle
Research focus
Military
Impact scope
Global
Location
Fallujah, Iraq
Actors named by the source record
U.S. Marines; Iraqi forces; insurgents
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
33.3538, 43.7795
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 05 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

A massive undersea earthquake triggered tsunamis across the Indian Ocean, killing over two hundred thousand people.

Why this record is included It transformed tsunami early-warning systems and global humanitarian logistics.
Type
Natural disaster
Research focus
Disaster / resilience
Impact scope
Global
Location
Aceh / Indian Ocean, Indonesia / Indian Ocean
Actors named by the source record
Indian Ocean states; global humanitarian responders
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
5.5483, 95.3238
Coordinate precision
Regional coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 06 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

Ten states joined the European Union, many formerly under Soviet influence, dramatically expanding the bloc.

Why this record is included It consolidated post-Cold War European integration and altered migration, trade, and security politics.
Type
Political integration
Research focus
Global governance
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Brussels, European Union
Actors named by the source record
European Union; ten acceding states
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
50.8503, 4.3517
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 07 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

Mass protests challenged a fraudulent presidential runoff and forced a repeat election.

Why this record is included It deepened Ukraine's East-West divide and influenced Russia's view of Western-backed democracy movements.
Type
Political revolution
Research focus
Political / security
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Kyiv, Ukraine
Actors named by the source record
Ukrainian opposition; Viktor Yushchenko; Viktor Yanukovych; civil society
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
50.4501, 30.5234
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source
Record 08 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 3/5

The longtime Palestinian leader died in France, opening a succession and legitimacy struggle in Palestinian politics.

Why this record is included It changed Israeli-Palestinian diplomacy and factional competition.
Type
Leadership transition
Research focus
Political / conflict
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Paris, France / Palestinian territories
Actors named by the source record
Yasser Arafat; Palestinian Authority; Israel
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
48.8566, 2.3522
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

Open starting-point source

External historical research links

These destinations are selected by broad topic fit. A listed archive may not hold a record for every event, and opening it does not establish that the 2IA summary is correct.

United Nations Digital Library

Useful for checking resolution text, vote records, official statements, meeting records, and document symbols.

Open source

Uppsala Conflict Data Program

Useful for conflict definitions, event comparison, actor coding, and checking whether a claim fits the dataset's threshold rules.

Open source

GDELT Project

Useful for identifying media attention patterns, candidate events, cross-border reporting, and questions for deeper source verification.

Open source

ReliefWeb

Useful for humanitarian situation reports, disaster chronology, response organizations, and source discovery.

Open source

NATO Archives Online

Useful for alliance policy, committee records, strategic concepts, and institutional history.

Open source

CIA FOIA Electronic Reading Room

Useful for declassified agency records, historical assessments, memoranda, and collection-level research.

Open source

How to cite and challenge this page

Verify the exact proposition, not only the event name

Dates, casualty figures, attribution, intent, legal status, coordinates, and long-term effects can have different evidence trails. Use the linked source as a starting point, locate the original or official record, compare genuinely independent sources, and submit corrections when stronger evidence changes a card.