Historical record

Financial crisis, uprisings, and the cyber-kinetic threshold

2008 World Events

2008 is represented by eight curated specific-event records from the submitted dataset. 8 carry priority 4 or 5; the most common focus areas are Governance/Diplomacy/Political (3), Military (2), Economic/Trade/Energy (1). This is a structured research index, not an exhaustive history or legal finding.

Selection and evidence boundary

Eight selected records, not an exhaustive yearbook

What is established here: the source workbook selected eight specific records for consistent cross-year comparison.

What inclusion does not mean: moral approval, a complete account of the year, or final resolution of disputed attribution, figures, intent, legality, or long-term effects.

Selected factual records

Eight records for cross-year research

Open the source boundary inside each record before reusing dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, coordinates, or long-term-effect claims.

Record 01 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Russo-Georgian War

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War broke out over South Ossetia and Abkhazia, with Russian forces entering Georgia.

Why this record is included It previewed later Russian military assertiveness and contested post-Soviet borders.
Type
Interstate war
Research focus
Military
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Tskhinvali, Georgia
Actors named by the source record
Russia; Georgia; South Ossetian forces
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
42.2276, 43.9689
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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Record 02 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Lehman Brothers failed, triggering panic, bailouts, recession, and a redesign of financial regulation.

Why this record is included It was the defining economic shock of the early twenty-first century.
Type
Financial crisis
Research focus
Economic / security
Impact scope
Global
Location
New York City, United States / global
Actors named by the source record
Lehman Brothers; central banks; governments; investors
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
40.7128, -74.0060
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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Record 03 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 5/5

Mumbai attacks

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Gunmen and bombers attacked hotels, a railway station, a Jewish center, and other Mumbai sites for days.

Why this record is included It became a model case for urban multi-site terrorism and India-Pakistan crisis risk.
Type
Terrorist attack
Research focus
Terrorism
Impact scope
Global
Location
Mumbai, India
Actors named by the source record
Lashkar-e-Taiba; Indian security forces; civilians
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
19.0760, 72.8777
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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Record 04 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

Kosovo declared independence from Serbia, gaining broad Western recognition but not universal acceptance.

Why this record is included It became a precedent contested in later secession and annexation debates.
Type
Statehood / recognition crisis
Research focus
Political / security
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Pristina, Kosovo
Actors named by the source record
Kosovo leaders; Serbia; recognizing states; Russia
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
42.6629, 21.1655
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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Record 05 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

Cyclone Nargis killed tens of thousands while the junta resisted international aid access.

Why this record is included It highlighted sovereignty-versus-humanitarian-access tensions after disasters.
Type
Natural disaster / governance
Research focus
Disaster / governance
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Naypyidaw / Irrawaddy Delta, Myanmar
Actors named by the source record
Myanmar junta; civilians; aid agencies
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
19.7633, 96.0785
Coordinate precision
National capital coordinate for disaster theater

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Record 06 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

China hosted the Olympics as a global showcase while facing scrutiny over Tibet, rights, and security.

Why this record is included It marked China's arrival as a major soft-power and infrastructure-capacity actor.
Type
Mega-event / geopolitical signaling
Research focus
Political / soft power
Impact scope
Global
Location
Beijing, China
Actors named by the source record
China; IOC; athletes; activists
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
39.9042, 116.4074
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

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Record 07 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

C. in United States. The United States elected its first Black president during economic crisis and ongoing wars.

Why this record is included It changed U.S. foreign-policy tone, alliance expectations, and domestic political symbolism.
Type
Political transition
Research focus
Political / diplomacy
Impact scope
Global
Location
Washington, D.C., United States
Actors named by the source record
Barack Obama; U.S. voters; global partners
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
38.9072, -77.0369
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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Record 08 of 08 Source-bounded starting record
Historical record Priority 4/5

Israel launched a major campaign in Gaza after rocket fire, with heavy civilian harm and international controversy.

Why this record is included It set patterns for later Gaza conflicts and law-of-war debates.
Type
Military campaign
Research focus
Military / conflict
Impact scope
Continental
Location
Gaza City, Israel / Palestinian territories
Actors named by the source record
Israel; Hamas; civilians
Verification state
source-start-point; sensitive details require independent verification
Coordinates
31.5017, 34.4668
Coordinate precision
City-level coordinate

Starting-point source from the submitted dataset; verify exact dates, attribution, legal posture, casualty figures, and current status before reuse.

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External historical research links

These destinations are selected by broad topic fit. A listed archive may not hold a record for every event, and opening it does not establish that the 2IA summary is correct.

United Nations Digital Library

Useful for checking resolution text, vote records, official statements, meeting records, and document symbols.

Open source

Uppsala Conflict Data Program

Useful for conflict definitions, event comparison, actor coding, and checking whether a claim fits the dataset's threshold rules.

Open source

GDELT Project

Useful for identifying media attention patterns, candidate events, cross-border reporting, and questions for deeper source verification.

Open source

ReliefWeb

Useful for humanitarian situation reports, disaster chronology, response organizations, and source discovery.

Open source

NATO Archives Online

Useful for alliance policy, committee records, strategic concepts, and institutional history.

Open source

CIA FOIA Electronic Reading Room

Useful for declassified agency records, historical assessments, memoranda, and collection-level research.

Open source

How to cite and challenge this page

Verify the exact proposition, not only the event name

Dates, casualty figures, attribution, intent, legal status, coordinates, and long-term effects can have different evidence trails. Use the linked source as a starting point, locate the original or official record, compare genuinely independent sources, and submit corrections when stronger evidence changes a card.